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MODERNIZATION
OF HAWAII
After the overthrow of the monarchy people
went about the business of modernizing and commercializing
Hawai’i. In 1902 the first telegraph cable was laid
from San Francisco to San Souci Beach in Waikiki. 1907 the
first military permanent military post is established at
Fort Shafter. 1908 construction of Pearl Harbor begins.
1910 the first airplane flight in Hawai’i is made.
1912 Duke Kahanamoku wins an Olympic gold medal in Stockholm,
Sweden, in the 100-meter swim and brings worldwide attention
on Hawai’i and Hawaiians. In 1921 a project to reclaim
Waikiki’s swamplands is begun. 1927 is a big year
for the future of tourism. The Royal Hawaiian Hotel opens
February 1, built at a cost of $4 million, it join the Moana
Hotel which opened in 1901, on Waikiki Beach. June 28–29,1927
the first successful nonstop mainland flight from Oakland
to Hawai‘i is flown by two U.S. Army officers in a
tri-motored Fokker monoplane named "Bird of Paradise."
On April 16–17, 1935, a Pan American Airways Clipper
flies from Alameda, California, to Honolulu.
On December 7, 1941, Hawai’i is permanently
put on the international map when Japanese planes attack
the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. More than 2,500
lives are lost when the U.S.S. Arizona and other ships are
sunk. Army Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short assumes control from
Governor Joseph B. Poindexter and becomes military governor
of Hawai‘i. He declares martial law. An act signed
by President Dwight D. Eisenhower designating Hawai‘i
the fiftieth state becomes law on March 18, 1959.
In 1961, The Pali tunnels officially open
to two-way traffic making travel to the windward side safe
and convenient. November 19, 1966 football fever comes to
Hawai’i as KHVH-TV televises the Michigan State–Notre
Dame football game, the first live television broadcast
to and from the mainland takes place. At halftime, scenes
of Waikiki are transmitted to the mainland. In 1967, a milestone
is reached when Hawai‘i attracts one million tourists
in a single year. Fifteen years later in 1972, Hawai‘i
attracts two million tourists. Just seven years later, in
1979, Hawai‘i attracts four million visitors during
the year.
1993, The 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian
Kingdom The Rev. Paul Sherry, president of the United Church
of Christ of the United States, formally apologizes to Native
Hawaiians for the church’s role in the overthrow of
the Hawaiian monarchy. The U.S. Senate apologizes to Hawaiians
for the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893.
President Bill Clinton signs a Congressional Resolution
acknowledging the illegality of the overthrow of the Hawaiian
kingdom in 1893.
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